the poem
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poet
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Homer (8th century a.e.v.) or see 'homeric question'
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genre
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poem, epic (gre:έπoς translit:epos).
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original title
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Ἰλιὰς [iliˈas] Ἰλιάδoς
[iliˈaðos] [iliˈados]
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title translated
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Iliad, Ilias, Iliade
Iλιάδα [iliˈaða]
Iλιάδας [iliˈaðas]
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language
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ancient GREEK, with ionic, aeolic and poetic elements. It was not a spoken language.
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script
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Initially, it was not written down (only recited). In later ancient times, it was written (see 'first editions').
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creation time
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8th century a.e.v, probably before the epic poem: Odyssey. (see 'homeric question')
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creation place
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Greece, Ionia (Asia Minor coast)
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metrics
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verses in dactylic hexametre.
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related words
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Names of greeks (see 'homeric names').
Mycenae (maps, city, civilisation).
Troy.
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in two words
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Iliad. The epic poem tells the story of a few days of the last (10th) year of the siege of the city of Troy (also named Ilion, hence the name 'Ilias') by the Greeks (named Achaeans or Danaans or Argives). The central episode is the quarrel between two greek leaders: Agamemnon and Achilles. The context includes descriptions of battles and many duels of heroes. Gods participate actively. The final fall of Troy is not narrated.
- PROTAGONISTS: Mainly, the trojan Hector, the greeks Agamemnon and Achilles, many heroes and gods.
- DIAGRAMME: the verses were divided by ancient scholars of later centuries into 24 'rhapsodies' marked with the capital letters of the greek alphabet.
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concise info
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NOTES,
EDITIONS AND TRANSLATIONS,
LINKS.
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more info
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- RECITATIONS
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notes on the Iliad
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first verse
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MHNIN AEIΔE ΘEA ΠHΛHιAΔEΩ AXIΛHOΣ (gre.anc. original)
[`minin `aiδe θe`a pili`aδeo açi`lios] (mod.gre.pronunciation)
the anger, sing goddess, of Peleus' son, Achilles (eng.)
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structure
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Total number of verses: 15.692. They were grouped by the alexandrian scholars in 24 'rhapsodies' ‑not 'books'‑ (marked with the capital letters of the greek alphabet A, B, Γ, etc.).
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context
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The siege of the city of Troy (or 'Ilion' ‑hence, Ilias‑) from the greeks (Achaeans or Danaans or Argives). The final halosis of Troy is not narrated.
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principal personae
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The trojan Hector, the greeks Agamemnon and Achilles, other heroes and gods.
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plot
main episodes
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- The quarrel between Agamemnon and Achilles.
- The duel and death of Patroclus, the duel of Hector with Achilles.
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time of plot
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During the last, tenth (10th) year of Troy's siege, the action covers fifty one days, of which action-days are twelve and battle-days are only four.
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places of plot
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The city of Ilion (or Troy). The ancient name of the besieged city lends its name to the entire poem: Iliad. (its location is in today's western Turkey. tur: Truva [`truva]).
The location was excavated by Heinrich Schliemann.
map of heroes' places
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editions and translations of the Iliad
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first editions
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- 1. by Peisistratus (Pisistratos) gre:Πεισίστρατoς, tyrant of Athens (627‑528 a.e.v.), Athens
- 2. sample of aegyptian papyri (30 a.e.v.‑640 e.v.) at Duke Papyrus Archive: scriptorium.lib.duke.edu
example: <http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/papyrus/records/4r.html>
- 3. New times: by Demetrius Halcocondyles (Halcondyles), Florence, Italy, 1488 (gre:Δημήτριος Χαλκοκονδύλης or Χαλκονδύλης)
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ancient text
modern editions
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- FULL LIST: [[addendum: bibliography]].
- SELECTION see Homer#Editions@wikipedia
- ANNOTATED: [[addendum: 2-4 best ones]]
- ONLINE SCANNED:
- Homerou Ilias from the text of Wolf. With english notes, published in 1848 by J. Munroe, pp.581
- pdf or images at <http://books.google.com/books?id=hiQBAAAAYAAJ> digitized on 2007.04.12.
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translations
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There are two kinds: prose and poetic. In many languages.
- ENGLISH POETIC TRANSLATIONS
- LIST see English translations of Homer @wikipedia
- Alexander Pope /ale`ksaner `poup/ ONLINE:{pope} lang:eng.
- MODERN GREEK
- see page in greek
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bibliographies online
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@wikipedia
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Iliad IΛIAΣ